Sodium sulfate · Na2SO4
Sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) is a salt; this page gives computed density and dynamic viscosity for aqueous solutions from 2–14 wt% and 20–60 °C.
Values are computed from the Laliberté (2009) aqueous-electrolyte correlation and tabulated over 2–14 wt% and 20–60 °C.
- Also known as
- Salt cake, Glauber's salt (decahydrate), Disodium sulfate
- CAS number
- 7757-82-6
- Tabulated range
- 2–14 wt% · 20–60 °C
- Properties
- Density · Dynamic viscosity · Specific gravity
- Density
- 1110.6kg/m³
- Density
- 1.1106g/cm³
- Specific gravity
- 1.113
- Viscosity
- 1.524cP
Read a value at any point
Move the sliders to interpolate between the tabulated grid points. The readout and chart never go outside the validated 2–14 wt% and 20–60 °C range, and every number is interpolated from the committed table below — nothing is computed from a chemistry model in your browser.
Values are interpolated between the tabulated grid points below — sliders stay within the validated 2–14 wt% and 20–60 °C range.
- Density
- 1072.1 kg/m³
- Density
- 1.0721 g/cm³
- Specific gravity
- 1.074
- Dynamic viscosity
- 1.300 cP
What the numbers tell you
At 12 wt% and 20 °C, aqueous sodium sulfate has a density of about 1111 kg/m³ (1.111 g/cm³) — roughly 1.11× the density of water. It also has a dynamic viscosity of about 1.524 cP, against roughly 1 cP for water at the same temperature. Those differences carry straight into volume-to-mass conversions, pump and pipe sizing.
A few working strengths
Properties at 20 °C for a handful of concentrations in everyday use, read from the committed grid (interpolated between tabulated points where a grade falls between them). The full table follows below.
| wt% Na2SO4 | °C | Density kg/m³ | SG | Viscosity cP |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4 | 20 | 1034.7 | 1.037 | 1.131 |
| 8 | 20 | 1072.1 | 1.074 | 1.300 |
| 12 | 20 | 1110.6 | 1.113 | 1.524 |
| 14 | 20 | 1130.2 | 1.132 | 1.663 |
Where the numbers come from
Every value on this page is computed by a deterministic model — none is entered by hand. The generating method and the references it is checked against:
- ▸Laliberte, M. (2009). A Model for Calculating the Heat Capacity of Aqueous Solutions, with Updated Density and Viscosity Data. J. Chem. Eng. Data 54(6), 1725-1760. doi:10.1021/je8008123
- ▸Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 7th ed. (Perry & Green) - Table 2-96 Sodium Sulfate density, from International Critical Tables, Vol. III, p. 81
- ▸CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics - Concentrative Properties of Aqueous Solutions (viscosity at 20 degC)
- ▸Steiger, M. & Asmussen, S. (2008). Crystallization of sodium sulfate phases in porous materials: the phase diagram Na2SO4-H2O. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 72, 4291-4306. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.053 (solubility bounds for the tabulated range)
Model: thermo==0.4.0 (chemicals==1.3.0) - Laliberte 2009 electrolyte correlation · Generated 2026-06-07
The committed data file for this page is published as JSON on GitHub under CC BY 4.0.
Checked against a cited value
The model is cross-checked at one independently cited reference point. The page is published only because this check passes.
| Property / point | Density · 12 wt% · 20 °C |
| Cited reference value | 1110.9 kg/m3 |
| Model computed | 1110.56 kg/m3 |
| Error vs reference | 0.031% (tolerance 1%) |
Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 7th ed. (from International Critical Tables). Perry, R.H. & Green, D.W. (eds.), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 7th ed., Table 2-96 Sodium Sulfate (Na2SO4) (data from International Critical Tables, Vol. III, p. 81): 12 wt% Na2SO4 at 20 degC = 1.1109 g/cm3.
Every tabulated point
Rows are temperature (°C); columns are concentration (wt% Na2SO4). Read the cell at the intersection. Specific gravity is density divided by the model water reference of 998.2 kg/m³ at 20 °C.
| °C \ wt% | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 1016.3 | 1034.7 | 1053.3 | 1072.1 | 1091.2 | 1110.6 | 1130.2 |
| 25 | 1015.0 | 1033.2 | 1051.6 | 1070.3 | 1089.3 | 1108.5 | 1128.1 |
| 30 | 1013.4 | 1031.5 | 1049.8 | 1068.4 | 1087.2 | 1106.4 | 1125.9 |
| 35 | 1011.7 | 1029.6 | 1047.7 | 1066.2 | 1085.0 | 1104.1 | 1123.5 |
| 40 | 1009.7 | 1027.5 | 1045.6 | 1063.9 | 1082.7 | 1101.7 | 1121.1 |
| 45 | 1007.6 | 1025.2 | 1043.2 | 1061.5 | 1080.2 | 1099.2 | 1118.5 |
| 50 | 1005.3 | 1022.9 | 1040.8 | 1059.0 | 1077.6 | 1096.5 | 1115.8 |
| 55 | 1002.8 | 1020.3 | 1038.2 | 1056.3 | 1074.9 | 1093.8 | 1113.1 |
| 60 | 1000.3 | 1017.7 | 1035.4 | 1053.5 | 1072.0 | 1090.9 | 1110.2 |
| °C \ wt% | 2 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 | 14 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20 | 1.063 | 1.131 | 1.209 | 1.300 | 1.404 | 1.524 | 1.663 |
| 25 | 0.944 | 1.004 | 1.073 | 1.153 | 1.244 | 1.349 | 1.469 |
| 30 | 0.845 | 0.899 | 0.961 | 1.031 | 1.111 | 1.203 | 1.308 |
| 35 | 0.762 | 0.811 | 0.866 | 0.929 | 1.001 | 1.082 | 1.175 |
| 40 | 0.692 | 0.736 | 0.786 | 0.842 | 0.907 | 0.980 | 1.062 |
| 45 | 0.632 | 0.672 | 0.717 | 0.769 | 0.827 | 0.892 | 0.966 |
| 50 | 0.580 | 0.617 | 0.658 | 0.705 | 0.758 | 0.817 | 0.883 |
| 55 | 0.535 | 0.568 | 0.607 | 0.649 | 0.698 | 0.752 | 0.812 |
| 60 | 0.495 | 0.526 | 0.562 | 0.601 | 0.645 | 0.695 | 0.750 |
Sodium sulfate solution properties at 25 °C
At 25 °C, 4 wt% sodium sulfate has a density of about 1033.2 kg/m³ and a dynamic viscosity of about 1.004 cP. At 25 °C, 12 wt% sodium sulfate has a density of about 1108.5 kg/m³ and a dynamic viscosity of about 1.349 cP. At 25 °C, 14 wt% sodium sulfate has a density of about 1128.1 kg/m³ and a dynamic viscosity of about 1.469 cP.
Before you use these numbers
- ▸Laliberte (2009) aqueous-electrolyte correlation for Na2SO4-water, density and viscosity. Tabulated for 2-14 wt% over 20-60 degC. Sodium sulfate has an unusual solubility curve that collapses as it cools: stable saturation is only about 16 wt% Na2SO4 at 20 degC (as the decahydrate, Glauber's salt) and falls steeply below that, so the 20 degC floor and 14 wt% ceiling keep the whole table below saturation. Heat capacity is not tabulated: the correlation's Na2SO4 heat-capacity data begins at 25 degC, above this table's floor, so it is omitted rather than extrapolated. Concentrations are anhydrous Na2SO4; the decahydrate (Glauber's salt) is 44% Na2SO4 by mass. Values are for preliminary design; verify against vendor data for critical service.
- ▸Values are tabulated only inside the 2–14 wt% and 20–60 °C ranges shown; the correlation is not extrapolated beyond them here.
- ▸Figures are for a pure sodium sulfate–water system. Commercial grades contain impurities (for example chloride in some caustic grades) that shift density and viscosity; check the supplier's data sheet for a specific product.
- ▸Use for preliminary design; verify for critical service.
- Acetic acid CH3COOH
- Aluminium sulfate Al2(SO4)3
- Ammonia solution NH3
- Ammonium chloride NH4Cl
- Ammonium nitrate NH4NO3
- Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4
- Barium chloride BaCl2
- Calcium chloride CaCl2
- Calcium nitrate Ca(NO3)2
- Copper(II) sulfate CuSO4
- Ethanol C2H5OH
- Ethylene glycol C2H6O2
- Formic acid HCOOH
- Glycerol C3H8O3
- Hydrochloric acid HCl
- Hydrogen peroxide H2O2
- Iron(II) sulfate FeSO4
- Iron(III) chloride FeCl3
- Lithium chloride LiCl
- Magnesium chloride MgCl2
- Magnesium sulfate MgSO4
- Manganese(II) sulfate MnSO4
- Methanol CH3OH
- Nickel sulfate NiSO4
- Nitric acid HNO3
- Phosphoric acid H3PO4
- Potassium carbonate K2CO3
- Potassium chloride KCl
- Potassium hydroxide KOH
- Potassium nitrate KNO3
- Propylene glycol C3H8O2
- Sodium acetate CH3COONa
- Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3
- Sodium carbonate Na2CO3
- Sodium chloride NaCl
- Sodium hydroxide NaOH
- Sodium nitrate NaNO3
- Sucrose C12H22O11
- Sulfuric acid H2SO4
- Zinc chloride ZnCl2
- Zinc sulfate ZnSO4
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