Salts & brines

Nickel sulfate · NiSO4

Name: Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) aqueous solution properties
Creator: ProcessConvert
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Nickel sulfate (NiSO4) is a salt; this page gives computed density, dynamic viscosity and specific heat capacity for aqueous solutions from 2–22 wt% and 15–60 °C.

Values are computed from the Laliberté (2009) aqueous-electrolyte correlation and tabulated over 2–22 wt% and 15–60 °C.

Also known as: Nickel(II) sulfate, Nickelous sulfate
CAS number: 7786-81-4
Tabulated range: 2–22 wt% · 15–60 °C
Properties: Density · Dynamic viscosity · Specific heat capacity · Specific gravity

At 12 wt% · 20 °C

reference snapshot

Density: 1134.6kg/m³
Density: 1.1346g/cm³
Specific gravity: 1.137
Viscosity: 1.814cP
Specific heat: 3586J/kg·K

Explore

Read a value at any point

Move the sliders to interpolate between the tabulated grid points. The readout and chart never go outside the validated 2–22 wt% and 15–60 °C range, and every number is interpolated from the committed table below — nothing is computed from a chemistry model in your browser.

Interactive explorer

Values are interpolated between the tabulated grid points below — sliders stay within the validated 2–22 wt% and 15–60 °C range.

Concentration12 wt%

Temperature20 °C

Density: 1134.6 kg/m³
Density: 1.1346 g/cm³
Specific gravity: 1.137
Dynamic viscosity: 1.814 cP
Specific heat: 3586 J/kg·K

Density (kg/m³) vs wt% NiSO4 at 20 °C — Nickel sulfate.

Why it matters

What the numbers tell you

At 12 wt% and 20 °C, aqueous nickel sulfate has a density of about 1135 kg/m³ (1.135 g/cm³) — roughly 1.14× the density of water. It also has a dynamic viscosity of about 1.814 cP, against roughly 1 cP for water at the same temperature, and a specific heat of about 3.59 kJ/kg·K, about 86% of water’s 4.18 kJ/kg·K. Those differences carry straight into volume-to-mass conversions, pump and pipe sizing, and the heat needed to change its temperature.

Common grades

A few working strengths

Properties at 20 °C for a handful of concentrations in everyday use, read from the committed grid (interpolated between tabulated points where a grade falls between them). The full table follows below.

wt% NiSO4	°C	Density kg/m³	SG	Viscosity cP	Sp. heat J/kg·K
6	20	1063.3	1.065	1.322	3879
12	20	1134.6	1.137	1.814	3586
18	20	1212.5	1.215	2.662	3304
22	20	1268.6	1.271	3.619	3123

Sources

Where the numbers come from

Every value on this page is computed by a deterministic model — none is entered by hand. The generating method and the references it is checked against:

▸Laliberte, M. (2009). A Model for Calculating the Heat Capacity of Aqueous Solutions, with Updated Density and Viscosity Data. J. Chem. Eng. Data 54(6), 1725-1760. doi:10.1021/je8008123
▸Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 7th ed. (Perry & Green) - Nickel Sulfate density table, from International Critical Tables, Vol. III (1928)
▸CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics - Aqueous Solubility of Inorganic Compounds at Various Temperatures (solubility bounds for the tabulated range)

Model: thermo==0.4.0 (chemicals==1.3.0) - Laliberte 2009 electrolyte correlation · Generated 2026-06-07

The committed data file for this page is published as JSON on GitHub under CC BY 4.0.

Validation

Checked against a cited value

The model is cross-checked at one independently cited reference point. The page is published only because this check passes.

Property / point	Density · 12 wt% · 18 °C
Cited reference value	1132.5 kg/m3
Model computed	1135.1 kg/m3
Error vs reference	0.229% (tolerance 1%)

Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 7th ed. (from International Critical Tables). Perry, R.H. & Green, D.W. (eds.), Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 7th ed., densities of aqueous inorganic solutions, Nickel Sulfate (NiSO4) table (data from International Critical Tables, Vol. III, p. 69): 12 wt% NiSO4 at 18 degC, d4 = 1.1325 g/cm3. The 18 degC basis is the source table's reference temperature; the check is evaluated at 18 degC, inside the tabulated range.

Full tables

Every tabulated point

Rows are temperature (°C); columns are concentration (wt% NiSO4). Read the cell at the intersection. Specific gravity is density divided by the model water reference of 998.2 kg/m³ at 20 °C.

Density — kg/m³

°C \ wt%	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22
15	1020.2	1042.0	1064.4	1087.5	1111.3	1135.8	1161.1	1187.1	1213.9	1241.5	1270.0
20	1019.3	1041.0	1063.3	1086.3	1110.1	1134.6	1159.8	1185.8	1212.5	1240.1	1268.6
25	1018.0	1039.6	1061.9	1084.9	1108.6	1133.0	1158.2	1184.1	1210.9	1238.5	1266.9
30	1016.5	1038.1	1060.3	1083.2	1106.8	1131.2	1156.3	1182.2	1208.9	1236.5	1265.0
35	1014.9	1036.3	1058.5	1081.3	1104.8	1129.1	1154.2	1180.1	1206.8	1234.3	1262.8
40	1013.0	1034.3	1056.4	1079.1	1102.6	1126.9	1151.9	1177.7	1204.4	1231.9	1260.3
45	1010.9	1032.2	1054.1	1076.8	1100.2	1124.4	1149.4	1175.1	1201.8	1229.3	1257.7
50	1008.6	1029.8	1051.7	1074.3	1097.7	1121.8	1146.7	1172.4	1199.0	1226.4	1254.8
55	1006.2	1027.3	1049.1	1071.6	1094.9	1118.9	1143.8	1169.4	1196.0	1223.4	1251.8
60	1003.6	1024.6	1046.4	1068.8	1092.0	1116.0	1140.7	1166.3	1192.8	1220.2	1248.6

Dynamic viscosity — cP (mPa·s)

°C \ wt%	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22
15	1.247	1.369	1.509	1.669	1.858	2.082	2.351	2.679	3.083	3.588	4.226
20	1.096	1.202	1.322	1.460	1.622	1.814	2.043	2.321	2.662	3.086	3.619
25	0.972	1.065	1.170	1.290	1.430	1.596	1.794	2.032	2.324	2.685	3.136
30	0.870	0.951	1.044	1.150	1.273	1.417	1.589	1.796	2.049	2.359	2.746
35	0.784	0.856	0.938	1.032	1.141	1.268	1.420	1.601	1.821	2.091	2.426
40	0.711	0.776	0.849	0.933	1.030	1.143	1.277	1.438	1.632	1.869	2.161
45	0.648	0.707	0.773	0.849	0.936	1.037	1.157	1.300	1.472	1.682	1.940
50	0.594	0.648	0.708	0.776	0.855	0.946	1.054	1.182	1.336	1.523	1.752
55	0.548	0.596	0.651	0.713	0.785	0.868	0.965	1.081	1.219	1.387	1.592
60	0.507	0.551	0.602	0.658	0.724	0.799	0.888	0.993	1.118	1.269	1.454

Specific heat capacity — J/kg·K

°C \ wt%	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22
15	4083	3978	3875	3773	3674	3575	3479	3383	3289	3196	3105
20	4081	3979	3879	3780	3682	3586	3491	3397	3304	3213	3123
25	4081	3981	3883	3786	3690	3596	3502	3410	3319	3229	3139
30	4081	3984	3888	3793	3699	3606	3514	3423	3333	3243	3155
35	4082	3987	3892	3799	3706	3615	3524	3434	3345	3257	3170
40	4084	3990	3897	3805	3714	3624	3534	3446	3357	3270	3183
45	4086	3993	3902	3811	3721	3632	3543	3455	3368	3282	3196
50	4088	3997	3907	3817	3728	3640	3552	3465	3378	3292	3207
55	4090	4001	3911	3823	3735	3647	3560	3474	3388	3302	3217
60	4093	4005	3916	3828	3741	3654	3568	3482	3397	3312	3227

Typical values

Nickel sulfate solution properties at 25 °C

At 25 °C, 6 wt% nickel sulfate has a density of about 1061.9 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of about 1.170 cP and a specific heat capacity of about 3883 J/kg·K. At 25 °C, 18 wt% nickel sulfate has a density of about 1210.9 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of about 2.324 cP and a specific heat capacity of about 3319 J/kg·K. At 25 °C, 22 wt% nickel sulfate has a density of about 1266.9 kg/m³, a dynamic viscosity of about 3.136 cP and a specific heat capacity of about 3139 J/kg·K.

Limitations

Before you use these numbers

▸Laliberte (2009) aqueous-electrolyte correlation for NiSO4-water. Tabulated for 2-22 wt% over 15-60 degC, below saturation across the table (about 26 wt% NiSO4 at 15 degC, rising to about 36 wt% at 60 degC). Concentrations are anhydrous NiSO4; the hexahydrate (NiSO4.6H2O) is 59% NiSO4 by mass. Values are for preliminary design; verify against vendor data for critical service.
▸Values are tabulated only inside the 2–22 wt% and 15–60 °C ranges shown; the correlation is not extrapolated beyond them here.
▸Figures are for a pure nickel sulfate–water system. Commercial grades contain impurities (for example chloride in some caustic grades) that shift density and viscosity; check the supplier's data sheet for a specific product.
▸Use for preliminary design; verify for critical service.

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