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Refrigerants & gases

R-744 (carbon dioxide) · CO2

R-744 (carbon dioxide, CAS 124-38-9) is a single-component refrigerant; this page gives its saturation pressure and saturated liquid and vapour densities from -40 to 25 °C.

Saturation pressure and saturated liquid and vapour densities are computed from CoolProp==6.6.0 - reference Helmholtz equation of state for CO2 and tabulated over -4025 °C.

Also known as
Carbon dioxide, CO2, R744, Carbonic anhydride
CAS number
124-38-9
Tabulated range
-4025 °C · saturation line
Designation
Refrigerant
R-744
Chemical name
carbon dioxide
GWP (100-yr)
1
ASHRAE 34 class
A1

GWP 1IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4, 2007), 100-year GWP. U.S. EPA - Technology Transitions GWP Reference Table. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Technology Transitions GWP Reference Table: R-744 (carbon dioxide, the reference gas) 100-year GWP = 1 (table reference IPCC 2007 / AR4). https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/technology-transitions-gwp-reference-table

ASHRAE 34 A1 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 safety group classification. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34 - Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022, Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants: R-744 (carbon dioxide) assigned safety group A1.

At 25 °C (saturation)
reference snapshot
Saturation pressure
64.342bar
Pressure
6434.2kPa
Gauge
918.5psig
Liquid density
710.5kg/m³
Vapour density
242.73kg/m³
Explore

Read the saturation line either way

Set a temperature to read its saturation pressure and densities, or set a pressure to read the saturation temperature. Every number is interpolated from the committed table below and clamped to the validated -4025 °C range — nothing is computed from a property model in your browser.

Interactive explorer

Values are interpolated along the tabulated saturation line below — both the temperature and the pressure stay within the validated -4025 °C range and are never extrapolated.

25 °C
Saturation temp
25.0 °C
Saturation pressure
64.342 bar
Pressure
6434.2 kPa
Gauge pressure
918.5 psig
Liquid density
710.5 kg/m³
Vapour density
242.73 kg/m³
Saturation pressure (bar) vs temperature (°C) — R-744.
Saturation table

Every tabulated point

Saturation pressure (absolute, shown in kPa and bar, with the gauge value in psig at standard atmosphere) and the saturated liquid and vapour densities at each temperature. A negative psig is a partial vacuum below one atmosphere.

T °Cp kPap barp psigρ liq kg/m³ρ vap kg/m³
-401004.510.045131.01116.426.12
-351202.412.024159.71096.431.22
-301427.814.278192.41075.737.10
-251682.716.827229.41054.243.88
-201969.619.696271.01031.751.70
-152290.822.908317.61008.060.73
-102648.726.487369.5982.971.19
-53045.930.459427.1956.283.36
03485.134.851490.8927.497.65
53969.539.695561.0896.0114.62
104502.245.022638.3861.1135.16
155087.150.871723.1821.2160.73
205729.157.291816.2773.4194.20
256434.264.342918.5710.5242.73
Typical values

R-744 saturation pressure at a glance

At -20 °C, R-744 saturation pressure is about 19.70 bar (1970 kPa; 271.0 psig). At 0 °C, R-744 saturation pressure is about 34.85 bar (3485 kPa; 490.8 psig). At 25 °C, R-744 saturation pressure is about 64.34 bar (6434 kPa; 918.5 psig).

Sources

Where the numbers come from

Every value on this page is computed by a deterministic equation of state — none is entered by hand. The generating method and the references it is checked against:

  • NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69 - Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems (REFPROP-derived saturation tables), carbon dioxide (CAS 124-38-9)
  • CoolProp 6.6.0 - reference Helmholtz equation of state for carbon dioxide (Span & Wagner, 1996)
  • U.S. EPA - Technology Transitions GWP Reference Table (100-year GWP, IPCC AR4 basis)
  • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-2022 - Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants

Model: CoolProp==6.6.0 - reference Helmholtz equation of state for CO2 · Generated 2026-06-07

The committed data file for this page is published as JSON on GitHub under CC BY 4.0.

Validation

Checked against cited values

The equation of state is cross-checked against independently cited saturation points. The page is published only because every check passes.

Property / pointSaturation pressure · 0 °C
Cited reference value3485.1 kPa
Model computed3485.14 kPa
Error vs reference0.001% (tolerance 1%)

NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69 - Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems. NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69, Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems, carbon dioxide (R-744) (CAS 124-38-9), saturation curve at 0 degC: saturation pressure = 3485.1 kPa. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/fluid.cgi?ID=C124389&Action=Page

Property / pointSaturated liquid density · 0 °C
Cited reference value927.43 kg/m3
Model computed927.43 kg/m3
Error vs reference0% (tolerance 1%)

NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69 - Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems. NIST Chemistry WebBook, SRD 69, Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems, carbon dioxide (R-744) (CAS 124-38-9), saturation curve at 0 degC: saturated liquid density = 927.43 kg/m3. https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/fluid.cgi?ID=C124389&Action=Page

Limitations

Before you use these numbers

  • CoolProp reference Helmholtz equation of state (Span & Wagner, 1996) for carbon dioxide. Saturation properties only, tabulated from -40 to +25 degC. The critical point is 30.98 degC / 7377.3 kPa, just above the table top: this short table ends at +25 degC by design, because vapour-compression saturation (two-phase) data above the critical point does not exist - carbon dioxide operates transcritically there, as a single supercritical phase with no distinct saturation pressure. Values are for preliminary design; verify against vendor data for critical service.
  • Saturation properties only — these are two-phase (saturation-line) values; superheated and sub-cooled single-phase data are out of scope for this page. The critical point is 30.98 °C / 7377.3 kPa, above the tabulated range.
  • Values are tabulated only inside the -4025 °C range shown; the equation of state is not extrapolated beyond it here.
  • Use for preliminary design; verify for critical service.
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